Excel Functions Guide
Easily find and learn how to use frequently used Excel functions. Organized by various categories including math, text, date, and logical functions.
📊 Complete Excel Functions Guide
Excel functions commonly used in work are organized by category. Check the syntax, parameters, and examples of each function and copy them to the clipboard for immediate use.
SUM
Description
Calculates the sum of numbers.
Syntax
SUM(number1, [number2], ...)
Parameters
- number1*:First number or range
- number2:Additional numbers or ranges (optional)
Example
=SUM(A1:A10)
Sum of A1 to A10
AVERAGE
Description
Calculates the average of numbers.
Syntax
AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)
Parameters
- number1*:First number or range
- number2:Additional numbers or ranges (optional)
Example
=AVERAGE(A1:A10)
Average of A1 to A10
COUNT
Description
Counts the number of cells containing numbers.
Syntax
COUNT(value1, [value2], ...)
Parameters
- value1*:First value or range
- value2:Additional values or ranges (optional)
Example
=COUNT(A1:A10)
Count of cells with numbers from A1 to A10
MAX
Description
Returns the largest value.
Syntax
MAX(number1, [number2], ...)
Parameters
- number1*:First number or range
- number2:Additional numbers or ranges (optional)
Example
=MAX(A1:A10)
Maximum value from A1 to A10
MIN
Description
Returns the smallest value.
Syntax
MIN(number1, [number2], ...)
Parameters
- number1*:First number or range
- number2:Additional numbers or ranges (optional)
Example
=MIN(A1:A10)
Minimum value from A1 to A10
ROUND
Description
Rounds a number to specified digits.
Syntax
ROUND(number, num_digits)
Parameters
- number*:number
- num_digits*:num_digits
Example
=ROUND(3.14159, 2)
3.14
CONCATENATE
Description
Joins several text strings into one.
Syntax
CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], ...)
Parameters
- text1*:text1
- text2:text2
Example
=CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)
A1 and B1 joined with space
LEFT
Description
Returns specified number of characters from the left.
Syntax
LEFT(text, [num_chars])
Parameters
- text*:Source text
- num_chars:Number of characters to extract (default: 1)
Example
=LEFT(A1, 5)
Left 5 characters of A1
RIGHT
Description
Returns specified number of characters from the right.
Syntax
RIGHT(text, [num_chars])
Parameters
- text*:Source text
- num_chars:Number of characters to extract (default: 1)
Example
=RIGHT(A1, 3)
Right 3 characters of A1
MID
Description
Returns specified number of characters from the middle.
Syntax
MID(text, start_num, num_chars)
Parameters
- text*:Source text
- start_num*:Starting position
- num_chars*:Number of characters to extract
Example
=MID(A1, 3, 5)
5 characters from position 3 of A1
LEN
Description
Returns the number of characters in text.
Syntax
LEN(text)
Parameters
- text*:Text to count characters
Example
=LEN(A1)
Number of characters in A1
UPPER
Description
Converts text to uppercase.
Syntax
UPPER(text)
Parameters
- text*:Text to convert
Example
=UPPER(A1)
A1 converted to uppercase
LOWER
Description
Converts text to lowercase.
Syntax
LOWER(text)
Parameters
- text*:Text to convert
Example
=LOWER(A1)
A1 converted to lowercase
TODAY
Description
Returns current date.
Syntax
TODAY()
Example
=TODAY()
Today's date
NOW
Description
Returns current date and time.
Syntax
NOW()
Example
=NOW()
Current date and time
YEAR
Description
Extracts the year from a date.
Syntax
YEAR(serial_number)
Parameters
- serial_number*:Date value
Example
=YEAR(A1)
Year of A1 date
MONTH
Description
Extracts the month from a date.
Syntax
MONTH(serial_number)
Parameters
- serial_number*:Date value
Example
=MONTH(A1)
Month of A1 date
DAY
Description
Extracts the day from a date.
Syntax
DAY(serial_number)
Parameters
- serial_number*:Date value
Example
=DAY(A1)
Day of A1 date
DATEDIF
Description
Calculates the difference between two dates.
Syntax
DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, unit)
Parameters
- start_date*:Start date
- end_date*:End date
- unit*:Unit (Y, M, D, etc.)
Example
=DATEDIF(A1, B1, "Y")
Years between A1 and B1
IF
Description
Returns different values based on condition.
Syntax
IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])
Parameters
- logical_test*:Condition to test
- value_if_true:Value if condition is true
- value_if_false:Value if condition is false
Example
=IF(A1>10, "Large", "Small")
'Large' if A1>10, otherwise 'Small'
AND
Description
Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE.
Syntax
AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)
Parameters
- logical1*:First condition
- logical2:Additional conditions (optional)
Example
=AND(A1>5, B1<10)
TRUE if A1>5 AND B1<10
OR
Description
Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE.
Syntax
OR(logical1, [logical2], ...)
Parameters
- logical1*:First condition
- logical2:Additional conditions (optional)
Example
=OR(A1>5, B1<10)
TRUE if A1>5 OR B1<10
NOT
Description
Reverses the logical value.
Syntax
NOT(logical)
Parameters
- logical*:Logical value
Example
=NOT(A1>10)
TRUE if A1 is NOT greater than 10
VLOOKUP
Description
Searches vertically in a table and returns a value.
Syntax
VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
Parameters
- lookup_value*:Value to search for
- table_array*:Table range to search
- col_index_num*:Column number to return
- range_lookup:Exact match (FALSE) or approximate (TRUE)
Example
=VLOOKUP(A1, C1:E10, 2, FALSE)
Find A1 in C1:E10 and return 2nd column value
HLOOKUP
Description
Searches horizontally in a table and returns a value.
Syntax
HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])
Parameters
- lookup_value*:Value to search for
- table_array*:Table range to search
- row_index_num*:Row number to return
- range_lookup:Exact match (FALSE) or approximate (TRUE)
Example
=HLOOKUP(A1, C1:G3, 2, FALSE)
Find A1 in C1:G3 and return 2nd row value
INDEX
Description
Returns a value from a specific position in an array.
Syntax
INDEX(array, row_num, [column_num])
Parameters
- array*:Data array
- row_num*:Row number
- column_num:Column number (optional)
Example
=INDEX(A1:C10, 3, 2)
Value at row 3, column 2 of A1:C10
MATCH
Description
Finds the position of a value in an array.
Syntax
MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type])
Parameters
- lookup_value*:Value to find
- lookup_array*:Array to search
- match_type:Match type (0, 1, -1)
Example
=MATCH(A1, B1:B10, 0)
Position of A1 value in B1:B10
COUNTIF
Description
Counts cells that meet a condition.
Syntax
COUNTIF(range, criteria)
Parameters
- range*:Range to check
- criteria*:Condition
Example
=COUNTIF(A1:A10, ">5")
Count of values greater than 5 in A1:A10
SUMIF
Description
Sums cells that meet a condition.
Syntax
SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])
Parameters
- range*:Range to check condition
- criteria*:Condition
- sum_range:Range to sum (optional)
Example
=SUMIF(A1:A10, ">5")
Sum of values greater than 5 in A1:A10
AVERAGEIF
Description
Averages cells that meet a condition.
Syntax
AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range])
Parameters
- range*:Range to check condition
- criteria*:Condition
- average_range:Range to average (optional)
Example
=AVERAGEIF(A1:A10, ">5")
Average of values greater than 5 in A1:A10
STDEV
Description
Calculates standard deviation (sample).
Syntax
STDEV(number1, [number2], ...)
Parameters
- number1*:First number or range
- number2:Additional numbers or ranges (optional)
Example
=STDEV(A1:A10)
Standard deviation of A1 to A10
PMT
Description
Calculates loan payment amount.
Syntax
PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type])
Parameters
- rate*:Interest rate
- nper*:Total number of payments
- pv*:Present value (loan principal)
- fv:Future value (optional)
- type:Payment timing (optional)
Example
=PMT(5%/12, 60, 100000)
Monthly payment for 5% annual rate, 5-year, $100,000 loan
FV
Description
Calculates future value of investment.
Syntax
FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])
Parameters
- rate*:Interest rate
- nper*:Total periods
- pmt*:Periodic payment
- pv:Present value (optional)
- type:Payment timing (optional)
Example
=FV(8%/12, 120, -1000)
Future value of $1000 monthly savings at 8% annual rate for 10 years
PV
Description
Calculates present value of investment.
Syntax
PV(rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [type])
Parameters
- rate*:Interest rate
- nper*:Total periods
- pmt*:Periodic payment
- fv:Future value (optional)
- type:Payment timing (optional)
Example
=PV(8%/12, 120, 1000)
Present value of $1000 monthly payments at 8% annual rate for 10 years