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Excel Functions Guide

Easily find and learn how to use frequently used Excel functions. Organized by various categories including math, text, date, and logical functions.

📊 Complete Excel Functions Guide

Excel functions commonly used in work are organized by category. Check the syntax, parameters, and examples of each function and copy them to the clipboard for immediate use.

SUM

Description

Calculates the sum of numbers.

Syntax

SUM(number1, [number2], ...)

Parameters

  • number1*:First number or range
  • number2:Additional numbers or ranges (optional)

Example

=SUM(A1:A10)

Sum of A1 to A10

AVERAGE

Description

Calculates the average of numbers.

Syntax

AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)

Parameters

  • number1*:First number or range
  • number2:Additional numbers or ranges (optional)

Example

=AVERAGE(A1:A10)

Average of A1 to A10

COUNT

Description

Counts the number of cells containing numbers.

Syntax

COUNT(value1, [value2], ...)

Parameters

  • value1*:First value or range
  • value2:Additional values or ranges (optional)

Example

=COUNT(A1:A10)

Count of cells with numbers from A1 to A10

MAX

Description

Returns the largest value.

Syntax

MAX(number1, [number2], ...)

Parameters

  • number1*:First number or range
  • number2:Additional numbers or ranges (optional)

Example

=MAX(A1:A10)

Maximum value from A1 to A10

MIN

Description

Returns the smallest value.

Syntax

MIN(number1, [number2], ...)

Parameters

  • number1*:First number or range
  • number2:Additional numbers or ranges (optional)

Example

=MIN(A1:A10)

Minimum value from A1 to A10

ROUND

Description

Rounds a number to specified digits.

Syntax

ROUND(number, num_digits)

Parameters

  • number*:number
  • num_digits*:num_digits

Example

=ROUND(3.14159, 2)

3.14

CONCATENATE

Description

Joins several text strings into one.

Syntax

CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], ...)

Parameters

  • text1*:text1
  • text2:text2

Example

=CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)

A1 and B1 joined with space

LEFT

Description

Returns specified number of characters from the left.

Syntax

LEFT(text, [num_chars])

Parameters

  • text*:Source text
  • num_chars:Number of characters to extract (default: 1)

Example

=LEFT(A1, 5)

Left 5 characters of A1

RIGHT

Description

Returns specified number of characters from the right.

Syntax

RIGHT(text, [num_chars])

Parameters

  • text*:Source text
  • num_chars:Number of characters to extract (default: 1)

Example

=RIGHT(A1, 3)

Right 3 characters of A1

MID

Description

Returns specified number of characters from the middle.

Syntax

MID(text, start_num, num_chars)

Parameters

  • text*:Source text
  • start_num*:Starting position
  • num_chars*:Number of characters to extract

Example

=MID(A1, 3, 5)

5 characters from position 3 of A1

LEN

Description

Returns the number of characters in text.

Syntax

LEN(text)

Parameters

  • text*:Text to count characters

Example

=LEN(A1)

Number of characters in A1

UPPER

Description

Converts text to uppercase.

Syntax

UPPER(text)

Parameters

  • text*:Text to convert

Example

=UPPER(A1)

A1 converted to uppercase

LOWER

Description

Converts text to lowercase.

Syntax

LOWER(text)

Parameters

  • text*:Text to convert

Example

=LOWER(A1)

A1 converted to lowercase

TODAY

Description

Returns current date.

Syntax

TODAY()

Example

=TODAY()

Today's date

NOW

Description

Returns current date and time.

Syntax

NOW()

Example

=NOW()

Current date and time

YEAR

Description

Extracts the year from a date.

Syntax

YEAR(serial_number)

Parameters

  • serial_number*:Date value

Example

=YEAR(A1)

Year of A1 date

MONTH

Description

Extracts the month from a date.

Syntax

MONTH(serial_number)

Parameters

  • serial_number*:Date value

Example

=MONTH(A1)

Month of A1 date

DAY

Description

Extracts the day from a date.

Syntax

DAY(serial_number)

Parameters

  • serial_number*:Date value

Example

=DAY(A1)

Day of A1 date

DATEDIF

Description

Calculates the difference between two dates.

Syntax

DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, unit)

Parameters

  • start_date*:Start date
  • end_date*:End date
  • unit*:Unit (Y, M, D, etc.)

Example

=DATEDIF(A1, B1, "Y")

Years between A1 and B1

IF

Description

Returns different values based on condition.

Syntax

IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

Parameters

  • logical_test*:Condition to test
  • value_if_true:Value if condition is true
  • value_if_false:Value if condition is false

Example

=IF(A1>10, "Large", "Small")

'Large' if A1>10, otherwise 'Small'

AND

Description

Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE.

Syntax

AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)

Parameters

  • logical1*:First condition
  • logical2:Additional conditions (optional)

Example

=AND(A1>5, B1<10)

TRUE if A1>5 AND B1<10

OR

Description

Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE.

Syntax

OR(logical1, [logical2], ...)

Parameters

  • logical1*:First condition
  • logical2:Additional conditions (optional)

Example

=OR(A1>5, B1<10)

TRUE if A1>5 OR B1<10

NOT

Description

Reverses the logical value.

Syntax

NOT(logical)

Parameters

  • logical*:Logical value

Example

=NOT(A1>10)

TRUE if A1 is NOT greater than 10

VLOOKUP

Description

Searches vertically in a table and returns a value.

Syntax

VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Parameters

  • lookup_value*:Value to search for
  • table_array*:Table range to search
  • col_index_num*:Column number to return
  • range_lookup:Exact match (FALSE) or approximate (TRUE)

Example

=VLOOKUP(A1, C1:E10, 2, FALSE)

Find A1 in C1:E10 and return 2nd column value

HLOOKUP

Description

Searches horizontally in a table and returns a value.

Syntax

HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])

Parameters

  • lookup_value*:Value to search for
  • table_array*:Table range to search
  • row_index_num*:Row number to return
  • range_lookup:Exact match (FALSE) or approximate (TRUE)

Example

=HLOOKUP(A1, C1:G3, 2, FALSE)

Find A1 in C1:G3 and return 2nd row value

INDEX

Description

Returns a value from a specific position in an array.

Syntax

INDEX(array, row_num, [column_num])

Parameters

  • array*:Data array
  • row_num*:Row number
  • column_num:Column number (optional)

Example

=INDEX(A1:C10, 3, 2)

Value at row 3, column 2 of A1:C10

MATCH

Description

Finds the position of a value in an array.

Syntax

MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type])

Parameters

  • lookup_value*:Value to find
  • lookup_array*:Array to search
  • match_type:Match type (0, 1, -1)

Example

=MATCH(A1, B1:B10, 0)

Position of A1 value in B1:B10

COUNTIF

Description

Counts cells that meet a condition.

Syntax

COUNTIF(range, criteria)

Parameters

  • range*:Range to check
  • criteria*:Condition

Example

=COUNTIF(A1:A10, ">5")

Count of values greater than 5 in A1:A10

SUMIF

Description

Sums cells that meet a condition.

Syntax

SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])

Parameters

  • range*:Range to check condition
  • criteria*:Condition
  • sum_range:Range to sum (optional)

Example

=SUMIF(A1:A10, ">5")

Sum of values greater than 5 in A1:A10

AVERAGEIF

Description

Averages cells that meet a condition.

Syntax

AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range])

Parameters

  • range*:Range to check condition
  • criteria*:Condition
  • average_range:Range to average (optional)

Example

=AVERAGEIF(A1:A10, ">5")

Average of values greater than 5 in A1:A10

STDEV

Description

Calculates standard deviation (sample).

Syntax

STDEV(number1, [number2], ...)

Parameters

  • number1*:First number or range
  • number2:Additional numbers or ranges (optional)

Example

=STDEV(A1:A10)

Standard deviation of A1 to A10

PMT

Description

Calculates loan payment amount.

Syntax

PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type])

Parameters

  • rate*:Interest rate
  • nper*:Total number of payments
  • pv*:Present value (loan principal)
  • fv:Future value (optional)
  • type:Payment timing (optional)

Example

=PMT(5%/12, 60, 100000)

Monthly payment for 5% annual rate, 5-year, $100,000 loan

FV

Description

Calculates future value of investment.

Syntax

FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])

Parameters

  • rate*:Interest rate
  • nper*:Total periods
  • pmt*:Periodic payment
  • pv:Present value (optional)
  • type:Payment timing (optional)

Example

=FV(8%/12, 120, -1000)

Future value of $1000 monthly savings at 8% annual rate for 10 years

PV

Description

Calculates present value of investment.

Syntax

PV(rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [type])

Parameters

  • rate*:Interest rate
  • nper*:Total periods
  • pmt*:Periodic payment
  • fv:Future value (optional)
  • type:Payment timing (optional)

Example

=PV(8%/12, 120, 1000)

Present value of $1000 monthly payments at 8% annual rate for 10 years